This book collects eight lectures given at the Warburg Institute in 1958-59 by Scholars from England, France, Germany, Italy and the United States. They are concerned with the aftermath of the conversion of Constantine - the conflicts between pagans and Christians and their effects on the life and thought of fourth-century Rome. The topics dealt with include the changes in the structure of society and of the army, problems of philosophy and historiography, the revival of ancient cults and beliefs, and the new attitude to the barbarians. An introduction by the editor attempts to link these various aspects with more general process of the decline of the Roman Empire.