内容简介

《音系学通解》是一部音系理论的教科书,这部教科介绍了以SPE（Cnomsky & Halle 1968）为代表的经典生成音系学至优选论几乎所有得要的音系学理论,讨论了音系学领域中许多热点问题,全书每一章都附的思考题和练习题,正文和红习题涉及一百多种语言的材料,作者精心安热排,突出重点,精选语言材料,行文简练,从而使一部二百多面的教科书包含了如此之多的内容。

生成音系学是当代音系学的主流,这部教产书介绍的理论,基本概念和分析方法主要取之于生成音系学的研究成果。

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目录

Preface

1 The production of speech

1.1 Introduction

1.2 The lungs and the larynx

1.2.1 The vocal folds: the open and vibrating glottis

1.2.2 Devoicing and aspiration

1.2.3 Special types of phonation

1.2.4 Pitch

1.2.5 The glottal stop

1.3 The vocal tract

1.3.1 The pharynx

1.3.2 The nasal cavity

1.3.3 The mouth

1.4 Vowels

1.5 Constrictions

1.5.1 Places of articulation

1.5.2 Types of constriction

1.6 Segmental duration

1.7 Complex consonants

1.7.1 Secondary articulations

1.7.2 Double articulations

1.7.3 Manner-contourconsonants

1.8 Nonpulmonic consonants

1.9 Stress

1.10Conclusion

2 Some typology: sameness and difference

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Morphosyntactic structure

2.2.1 Morphologicalstructure

2.2.2 Syntactic structure

2.3 A world without phonological structure

2.3.l One phonology for all languages?

2.3.2 Two kinds of structure

2.4 There's a difference

2.5 Universals and implicational relations

2.5.1 Plain or special?

2.5.2 Avoiding complexity

2.5.3 A word of caution

2.5.4 Speech ergonomics

2.5.5 System gaps

2.6 Conclusion

3 Making the form fit

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Hawaiian

3.3 Adjustment processes

3.3.1 The process of nativization

3.3.2 Adjustments in the native vocabulary

3.4 Two approaches

3.4.1 Rules

3.4.2 Constraints

3.5 Choosing between rules and constraints

3.5.1 Gradient violation and unranked constraints

3.6 Conclusion

4 Underlying and surface representations

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Allophonic variation

4.3 Two levels of representation

4.4 Neutralization

4.5 Choosing the underlying form

4.6 Conclusion

5 Distinctive features

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Motivating distinctive features

5.3 Feature values

5.4 A set of distinctive features

5.4.1 Major-class features

5.4.2 Laryngeal features

5.4.3 Manner features

5.4.4 Ambiguity and nonspecification

5.5 Place features

5.5.1 Labial

5.5.2. Coronal

5.5.3 Dorsal

5.5.4 Radical

5.6 Some examties

5.7 Redundant vS contrastire features

5.8 Conclusion

6 0rdered rules

6.1 Introduction

6.2 SPE representations

6.3SPE rules

6.3.1 Refefence to the syllable

6.3.2 The brace

6.3.3 Variable feature values

6.3.4 Parentheses

6.3.5 The transformationaI rule format

6.4 Linear order

6.5 Extrinsic and intrinsic ordering

6.6 Feeding,counterfeeding,bleeding,counterbleeding

6.6.1 Feeding order

6.6.2 Counterfeeding order

6.6.3 Bleeding order

6.6.4 Counterbleeding order

6.7 Opacity

6.8 Conclusion

7 A case study：the diminutive suffix i11 Dutch

7.1 Introduction

7.2 General Dutch rules

7.2.1 Final devoicing

7.2.2 Palatalization

7.2.3 Degemination

7.3 Standard Dutch

7.4 The dialect of Sittard

7.5 Conclusion

8 Levels of representation

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Defining an intermediate level of representation

8.3 Lexical Phonology

8.3.1 Reference to morphological labels

8.3.2 Exceptions

8.3.3 Structure preservation

8.3.4 Natire.speaker intuitions

8.3.5 ADplication across WOrd boundaries

8.3.6 Lexical rules apply before postlexical rules

8.4 Phonological information in the lexicon

8.5 Controversial properties of lexical rules

8.6 Beyond the surface representation

8.6.1 Phonetic implementation

8.6.2 Models of implementation

8.6.3 Deciding between phonology andphonetic implementation

8.7 Conclusion

9 Representing tone

9.1 Introduction

9.2 The inadequacy of a linear model

9.3 W.0rd.based tone patterns

9.3.1 Language-specific associations

9.4 Stability

9.5 Postlexical tone

9.6 The Obligatory Contour Principle

9.6.1 Violating the OCP

9.7 Conclusion

10 Between the segment and the syllable

10.1 Introduction

10.2 A skeletaI tier

10.3 Syllabification：the Maximum Onset Principle

10.3.1 The sonority profile

10.4 Arguments for the CV tier

10.4.1 The templatic use of the CV tier

10.4.2 Unfilled and unassociated slots

10.4.3 Compensatory lengthening

10.5 Moras

10.6 svllable-based generalizations

10.7 Post-MOP syllabification rules

10.7.1 Ambisyllabicity in English

10.8 Conclusion

11 Feature geometry

11.1 Introduction

11.2 Tw0 properties ofassimilations

11.3 Natural feature classes

11.4 Buildingatree

11.4.1 The place node

11.4.2 The laryngeal node

11.413 The supralaryngeal node

11.5 Spreading and delinking

11.5.1 Writing rules

11.6 Implications OfundersDecification

11.6.1 Default rules

11.7 Condusion

12 Exploiting the feature tree

13 Stress and feet

14 Further constraining stress

15 Phonology above the word

Epilogue

Key to questions

References

Language index

Subject index